Alloy and process for making same



' asts J ly'S, 1928. I A I v i I v 1126759798 UNITED 5. ;.711215v PATENTQFFI'CE.

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f nnor'ann raocass roa 11mm sum no Drawing. Application use January 5,19st. s mi in. aos.

Our invention relates to alloys for useas suitable alloy of boron. ,Whenferro-boron high-speed cutting tools and the like which orcl1romiumsbor0n are used, small amounts 1 are similar in generalphysical properties of iron or chromium will be'introduced into andstructural characteristics 0 those obthe final alloy, but these have noappreciable tained by H. S. Cooper, U. S. atents Nos. effect on itsproperties. The other raw ma- .99.

1,221,769, 1,277 ,046, 1,278,304, 1,350,359, and terials frequentlycontain small amounts of- 1,461,178, I lron'so that the iron content ofthe final alloy Our new alloys contain, as essential comma be as high as2 or 3%.

' ponents nickel ")r cobalt in preponderating hese alloys ma beconveniently made. by proportion, usually substantial amounts ofineltingthe nicke tungsten silicon-, and N] tungsten, smallamounts ofboron up to about boron containing materials together in a 1%,andpreferably substantialamounts of graphite crucible in anysuitabletoffurzirconium. Minor amounts of siliconandnace, raising thetem ratureof {litfmolten aluminum are usually present and have more bathto.1600-1800 and then stirring the or less effect on the properties ofthe alloy. zirconium in the form of some suitable zir- [Q Molybdenum oruranium may be present, reconium alloy into the melt. The zirconiumplacingpart or allof the tungsten. alloy will disolve' quite readily ifvigorous. Our invent-ion also includes the preparastirring is em loyed.,The-melt may ,be tion of an alloy in which substantial amounts 'pouredat once into molds, (sand, carbon or of titanium are substituted forzirconium-or fgraphite) but a cleaner metal will result if 75 d ith thsame i ,5. I the melt is left in the furnace and heated for Ourinvention also covers anew and [fifteen or-twenty minutesmore A coatiful rocess of preparing alloys of 'thisfclassuinf oxide will be formedover the surface 0 H retofore in pre aring alloys 3 such as the metalduring this second heating and this those disclosed by ooper in thepatentsh -coatin g will 'have to be broken throughbe- 80- abovementioned, the desired hardness has; fore themelt can. be poured, butthe metal been obtained 1 by adding a considerable-isvery fluid and runsreadilyassoon as the e amount 'ofaluminum over and above "that rust-1sbrokeng contained in the alloys used as raw materialsiz A commerci lallfo "of zirconium and 80 A great deal-of trouble was encountered'nickel has been fou'n to'givesatisfactory 86 through oxidation of thisexcess, aluminum results as the source of the zirconium inthis and .inaddition the tungsten-segregated r tzy alloy. Itis friable and may bereadily I 1 ra idly as soon as the aluminum wasfladd crushed to a wder.The best resultshav'e e have now produced alloys of this type in beenobtain when .the' nickel 'zirconium which hardness'and good cuttingproperties alloy was used in the formof approximately 90 are secured byraising-thezirconmm content mesh powder. The mckelzjrconium'alloy j landcorrespondingly decreasing the alumicontains approximately 37%jn ickel,34% z ir-- "-1 numcontent, whereby "oxidation of alumis, comum,,12 to15% aluminumand 10jto 12% num and ,the segregation .of tungsten are;siliconij. When such a nickel'zirconium alloy .4o- "large1yavoided; g q1s used,it may supply the entire quantit of 1 Q -We 'haveffound that thehardness of, the aluminum entering the alloy. It 'has n. alloy isincreased by the presence of boron found that with a zirconiumco'ntentof 8 ,to'

therein,, and that thereis a marked refine-' 10% in the final alloy,-the aluminum-should y ment'ofgrainif; We have also found that the bebetween 3% and 4% in order that the, boron seems to. act; in"conjunction with the f, alloy may have a hardness suitable for use 100'zirconium in producing amuchbetter cut ase cutting tool. One heat'ofth1salloy ting' tool than can be made from alloys pfwhich had the .pro erhardness and whic this type which donot contain boron.

gave good results w en used as a cutting tool -One class of alloys'madein accordance"-Jhad' the following composition: tungsten, so withourinvention contain 5 to 12% tung-y 7 .67%,aluminum, 3.62%, silicon4.19%, iron .10

1 sten, '6 to 12% zirconium, 3.5 to 6% silicon," 1.51%, boron .63%,zirconium, 7.21%, nickel to 5% aluminum, u to 1% boron, thebalremainder. ance bein principa y nickel; The boron Another class ofalloys prepared in accord- I may be ded in the form of ferro-boron, ancewith our invention and possessing physchromium-boron, boron carbide'or'any other ical properties and structural'characteristics 1;.

I crushed to a wder.

- cutting quality be similar to those of the alloys above described ischaracterized by the use of substantial amounts of titanium in lieu ofzirconium. These alloys, the preferred composition range of which is 5to 12% tungsten, '6 to 12% 'into the melt. The titanium alloy willdissolve quite readily if vigorous stirrin is employed and. the melt maybe ure at once into sand, carbon, or graphite molds. A titanium alloywhich has given good re- "sults in this work contains 64.8% titanium,

27.3% aluminum, 2.2% silicon, 2.1% iron and 1.0% carbon. It is friableand ma v be The best results ave been obtain when it was crushed toapproximately 40 mesh. No aluminum except that contained in the titaniumalloy is added to'the melt. One melt of this cutting tool alloy whichhad the groper hardness and good the following composition: tun ten7.23%,titanium 7.20%, aluminum 3. silicon 4.40%, ir'on0.95%, carbon0.52%, boron 0.55%, nickel remainder. The titanium-containing alloyherein described constitutes the subject matter of a 1sfiparateapplication Serial No..92,584, filed arch 5,1926.Nickel-alumin'um-silicon alloys have also been repared having com itionssuch as are disclosed by C00 r in .8. Patent No. 1,461,178, but with t eaddition of boron in small amounts up to 1%. Such alloys have shown amarked increase in strength, hard-.

new andcuttin qualities when used as cutting tools; Suc alloys containinboron are also characterized by marked re nement of grain structure.

While in the examples above given nickel has'been specified as theprinci al constituent of thealloy, it is to be un erstood that cobaltmay be substituted for nickel or used withthe same, and that nickel isused in the claims to mean either nickel or cobalt or both.

All the alloys comprised withinthe invention are suitable for tools forthe high-speed cuttin of cast iron, steel and semi-steel,

thoug they arealso useful for other purposes. The termthigh-speed ishere used in the same'sense'as in the common expression hi h-s dsteeland imports conditions o suc severity that ordinary carbon steelssubjected to them would be softened by the heat generated in the cuttingand thus become useless.

We claim 1. alloy containing from 3 to 5% aluminum, 3.5 to 6% silicon, 5to 12% tungsten, 6 to 12% zirconium, boron in substantial and efl'ectiveamounts a5 to 1%, the bal-' ance being principally nick 2. a utting toolcomposed of an alloy conta ning from 3 to 5% aluminum,- 3.5 to6%;s1hcon, 5 to 12% tungsten, 6 to 12 airconium, boron in substantialand e ective amounts n to 1%, the balance being principall yhmc el.

8. e process of combining a metal'havin the al oying pro rties ofzirconium with pic 01 tungsten an silicon, which consists in meltingnickel t and silicon together, heating the be h .to between-1600 and 1800 0., and then introducing a mate- M rial containin said metal into themelt while maintaining t e aluminum content of the bath below the pointat which pronounced segregation of tungsten takes place.

rocess of preparing an alloy containing nickel in prrgponderatingamount, silicon, aluminum, in 5 to 12% of tungsten and from 6 to 12%zirconium, compriain}: melting nickel, tungsten and silicon together,introducing a zirconium containing alloy into the melt, whilemaintaining the aluminum content of the both below the point at whichpronounced segregation of tungsten takes place.

5. A non-ferrous alloy suitable for tools for the high-speed cutting ofcast iron comprising a preponderating amount ofnickel, 3% to 5% ofaluminum, 3.5% to 6% of silicon, 5% to 12% of tungsten, and boron insubstantial and efiective amounts 6. A non-ferrous alloy suitable rtools for the high-speed cutting of cast iron which contams 3% to 5% ofaluminum, 3.5% to 6% of silicon, 5% to- 12% of tungsten, 6% to 12% ofzirconium, and approximately 0.6% of boron, with the'balanoe principallynickel. I

7. A non-ferrous alloy suitable for tools for the h gh-speed cutting ofcast iron which contains from 3% to 5% of aluminum, 3.5% to 6% ofsilicon, 5 to 12% of tungsten, 6% to 12% of zirconium and'titanium takentogether, and boron in substantial and efl'ective amounts up to 1%, withthe balance principally mckel.

t In testimony whereof, we aflix our signaures.

upoto. 1%. Y

